Достоверность количественного определения этанола

[KSS17]

Здравствуйте!

Если коротко, то расклад по стабильности алкоголя в биологическом материале примерно такой:

кровь, моча, стекловидное тело чудесно хранятся до года при +4*С с добавкой фторида натрия в концентрации 2%.

[chemist-sib]

Пока есть немного времени, и в предположении, что интересует таки "изолированные" флакончики - "ловите" не самые старые, но и не самые новые (пик интереса к этой теме к 80-м годам прошел) работы. Все "на нашенском", ибо "ненашинских" так хорошо не знаю.

 

1. Ботезату Г.А., Васильева Л.С., Тетерчев В.В. Динамика концентрации этилового спирта в крови трупа в зависимости от условий ее хранения. - В кн.: Судебно-медицинские записки. - Кишинев, изд. "Штиница", 1977, с.76-77;

2. Колпащиков Е.Г., Агеева Н.М., Долова И.А. Об изменениях концентрации этилового алкоголя в трупной крови в зависимости от давности ее из`ятия для судебно-химического анализа. - В кн.: Труды Горьковского мед. института, вып.83 "Вопросы судебно-медицинской экспертизы и криминалистики". - Горький, 1977, № 6, с.84-85;

3. Соколов Б.И., Чичуев Ю.А. Концентрация этанола в крови и моче в зависимости от сроков хранения. - Суд.-мед. эксперт., 1980, № 1, с.38-40. Список лит.: с.39;

4. Томилин В.В., Гурочкин Ю.Д., Красовская Е.А., Сергеев С.Н. Динамика содержания этанола во внутренних органах в различные сроки посмертного периода при остром алкогольном отравлении. (Обзор литературы). - Суд.-мед.эксперт., 1982, № 4, с.45-48. Список лит.: с.47-48.

[qwer]

Пионеры газоматографических исследований на этанол использовали для консервации хинозол:

 

Консервирование крови и мочи, подлежащих газохроматографическому исследованию на алкоголь / Ратневский А.Н., Щербина А.А., Гончаренко А.Н. // Судебно-медицинская экспертиза. — 1972. — №1. — С. 33-34.

 

Сам использовал хинозол в течение 17 лет. Дешево и сердито...

Консервация :wow: при нашей жаре

[sudmedfockin]

Всем откликнувшимся огромное спасибо за инфу! :)/>

[genosys]

Новая статья в Forensic Science International:

Utility of urinary ethyl glucuronide analysis in post-mortem toxicology when investigating alcohol-related deaths

http://files.mail.ru/4A99FB4E1697463086896DF86BDD22C1

 

 

Abstract

 

Use and abuse of alcohol are common findings when unnatural deaths are investigated as evidenced by high blood- and urine- alcohol concentrations (BAC and UAC) at autopsy. Because ethanol is metabolized in the liver until the time of death, the autopsy BAC or UAC might be negative even though the deceased had consumed alcohol in the immediate ante-mortem period. Analysis of the non-oxidative metabolite of ethanol [ethyl glucuronide (EtG)] offers a more sensitive test of recent drinking. In this paper, we determined the concentrations of ethanol and EtG in urine samples from 972consecutive forensic autopsies. In 425cases (44%) both EtG and ethanol were positive, which supports ante-mortem drinking. In 342cases (35%), both EtG and ethanol was negative, which speaks against any consumption of alcohol just before death. In 181cases, ethanol was negative in urine (<0.2 g/kg), whereas EtG was positive (>0.5 mg/L), which points towards ingestion of alcohol some time before death. In these cases, mean and median concentrations of EtG were 53.2 mg/L and 23.7 mg/L, respectively, although there was no mention of alcohol on 131 of the death certificates. Alcohol was mentioned on death certificates as an underlying or immediate cause of death or a contributing factor in 435 (45%) cases, which rose to 566 (58%) cases when positive EtG results were included. This article demonstrates the usefulness of EtG analysis in routine post-mortem toxicology when ante-mortem drinking and alcohol-related deaths are investigated.

 

В общем, реклама анализа на этилглюкуронид :)/> Как говорится, FYI.

 

Хотя вот также в недавней статье - Cross-reaction of propyl and butyl alcohol glucuronides with an ethyl glucuronide enzyme immunoassay - сообщается о ложно-позитивном срабатывании теста для EtG на пропил-глюкуронид, образующийся из пропанола, содержащегося в средстве для дезинфекции рук например.

[genosys]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379073814004654

2014 Consensus for the Use of Alcohol Markers in Hair for Assessment of both Abstinence and Chronic Excessive Alcohol Consumption

 

1. Introduction

1.1. The direct determination of ethanol itself in hair is not possible due to its volatility and its

potential absorption from external sources. Instead, the minor ethanol metabolites ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and/or fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) can be measured in hair as direct markers of alcohol consumption.

1.2. In this consensus FAEEs are defined as: ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate and ethyl stearate. For interpretation, the sum of the concentrations of these four esters should be used.

1.3. It is not advisable to use the results of hair testing for alcohol markers in isolation; all relevant factors surrounding a case must be considered when providing expert interpretation and opinion.

1.4. Abstinence from alcohol means no intake of any alcoholic beverages or other alcohol containing products over a pre-defined time period.

1.5. Measurement of markers to identify long-term alcohol consumption is generally used to corroborate claims of alcohol abstinence.

1.6. Occasional drinking events cannot always be excluded.

1.7. Chronic excessive alcohol drinking corresponds to an average consumption of 60 g or more of pure ethanol per day over several months.

 

2. General Considerations

2.1. The site of hair collection plays an important role in the concentration of markers detected. Hair

taken from the vertex region of the scalp is preferred.

2.2. In instances where head hair is not available, body hair can be collected. The different physiology of non-head hair has to be considered during interpretation.

2.3. Powdering hair prior to the extraction of EtG is preferred. Laboratories utilizing other sample preparation procedures should demonstrate comparable recovery of EtG.

2.4. Pre-analytical washing with a non-polar solvent prior to extraction of FAEE is recommended.

2.5. The incorporation of EtG and FAEEs into hair is not biased by natural hair color

2.6. Cosmetic treatments

2.6.1. The concentration of EtG and FAEEs in hair can be influenced by cosmetic treatments

and thermal hair straightening tools.

2.6.2. The type of cosmetic hair treatment should be documented during sampling and considered during interpretation.

2.6.3. Bleaching, perming and dying of hair may lead to lower concentrations of EtG or false- negative results; and may also influence concentrations of FAEEs.

2.6.4. EtG appears not to be influenced by hairspray, gel, wax, oil, grease or ethanol-containing hair care products.

2.6.5. Use of ethanol-containing hair care products (e.g. hairspray or hair lotions) may lead to false positive FAEEs.

 

 

 

3. Abstinence Assessment

3.1. Abstinence assessment over a pre-defined time period is necessary in many cases. Examples

include: prerequisite for regaining driving licence, child custody cases, clinical contexts, forensic cases.

3.2. EtG should be the first choice in abstinence assessment.

3.3. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG)

3.3.1. A concentration < 7 pg/mg does not contradict self-reported abstinence of a person during

the corresponding time period before sampling.

3.3.2. A concentration ≥ 7 pg/mg EtG in the 0-3 up to 0-6 cm proximal scalp hair segment strongly suggests repeated alcohol consumption.

3.3.3. If samples less than 3 cm or greater than 6 cm are used, the results should be interpreted with caution.

3.3.4. The same cut-off concentration can be used for non-head hair with the exception of the axillary hair which is not suitable for EtG measurement. The possibilities of a longer time period represented by non-head hair and of a higher sensitivity of pubic hair should be considered in interpretation.

3.3.5. A positive EtG result ≥ 7 pg/mg cannot be overruled by a negative FAEEs result (below the cut-offs as described in 3.4)

 

3.4. FAEEs

3.4.1. The analysis of FAEEs alone is not recommended to determine abstinence from ethanol, but may be used in cases of suspected false negative EtG results, utilising a FAEEs cut- off concentration of 0.2ng/mg for a 0-3 cm proximal scalp hair segment or 0.4ng/mg for a

0-6 cm proximal scalp hair segment.

3.4.2. A positive FAEE result combined with an EtG below 7 pg/mg result does not clearly disprove abstinence, but indicates the need for further monitoring.

 

4. Chronic Excessive Consumption

4.1. For clinical and forensic purposes, it is necessary to establish concentrations of alcohol markers in

hair which correspond to assessment of chronic excessive alcohol consumption.

4.2. EtG and FAEEs can be used alone or in combination for chronic excessive alcohol consumption assessment.

4.3. Ethyl glucuronide (EtG)

4.3.1. A concentration of ≥30 pg/mg EtG in the 0-3 up to 0-6 cm proximal scalp hair segment

strongly suggests chronic excessive alcohol consumption.

4.3.2. If other lengths of hair are analyzed, the results should be interpreted with caution.

4.3.3. The same cut-off concentration can be used for hair sampled from other body sites with the exception of axillary and pubic hair regions and with consideration of the different represented time period.

4.4. Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEEs)

4.4.1. A cut-off concentration of 0.5 ng/mg for the sum of the four esters in scalp hair is

considered strongly suggestive of chronic excessive alcohol consumption when measured in the 0–3 cm proximal segment.

4.4.2. If the proximal 0-6 cm segment is used the proposed cut-off concentration is 1.0ng/mg scalp hair.

4.4.3. If other lengths of hair, or hair from other body sites are used; the results should be interpreted with caution.

 

 

This consensus was adopted on Friday 13th June 2014 by the Society of Hair Testing during the meeting in

Bordeaux, France in 2014

[genosys]

Ну хоть отзовитесь кто-нибудь! Делают EtG анализ в России? По-моему, вещь достаточно интересная...

[SParilov]

Ну хоть отзовитесь кто-нибудь! Делают EtG анализ в России? По-моему, вещь достаточно интересная...

ну растащило, как таракана по пачке дуста.

[genosys]

Да мне просто интересно, как доморощенному шерлокхолмсу :)/> Вроде не такой и сложный, и не сказать, чтоб дорогой метод. Ну есть определенные заковыки, вроде косметики с алкоголем, зато результат может быть получен ну наверно уникальный и другими способами не получаемый.

[SParilov]

Да мне просто интересно, как доморощенному шерлокхолмсу :)/> Вроде не такой и сложный, и не сказать, чтоб дорогой метод. Ну есть определенные заковыки, вроде косметики с алкоголем, зато результат может быть получен ну наверно уникальный и другими способами не получаемый.

Дык, тогда 0,3 чего то там в выдыхаемом воздухе трезвому не пришьешь и ;)/> не будет.